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今天为大家提供的文本

原文选自《经济学人》

全文约1700字+，预计阅读6mins

文章关注了菲律宾发生小儿麻痹症的情况

同时分析了此次爆发病情的原因

转发朋友圈即可领取pdf版本

an outbreak of polio?exposes?

a weak health-care system

小儿麻痹症的爆发暴露出脆弱的医疗体系

for nineteen years the?philippines?was?free from?polio. but in september the?announcement?came that two children living in provinces 900 miles apart had been?paralysed?by a?vaccine-derived?strain?of the?disease. the?strain?was also found in?sewage?and in a waterway. foreign and domestic health?authorities?have since jumped? action. the next in a series of?immunisation?drives?starts on january 20th on the?southern island of?mindanao.?

菲律宾消除小儿麻痹症已经有19年了。但在9月，消息称相隔900英里的省内有两名儿童因疫苗衍生的疾病菌株而瘫痪。该菌株也被发现存在于污水和水道中。此后，国内外卫生当局纷纷采取行动，展开了一系列免疫接种活动。下一轮免疫接种将于1月20日在南部棉兰老岛开始。

【注解】

philippine [?f?l?pi?n] n. 菲律宾

polio [?p??li??] n. 小儿麻痹症；脊髓灰质炎

announcement [??na?nsm?nt] n. 通告；公告

paralyse [?p?r?la?z] vt. 使瘫痪；使麻痹

vaccine-derived 该词由vaccine（疫苗）和derive（从…衍生）构成，意为“由疫苗衍生出来的”。

strain [stre?n]?n. 动植物或疾病的种类，即“株”

sewage?[?su??d?] n. 污水

authority [???θ?r?ti] n.?当局；官方；当权者

have since done 从那时以来

immunisation [??mjuna??ze??n] n. 免疫；疫苗预防接种

drive [dra?v] n. 达到某种目的或阻止某事而作的努力或行动

mindanao [?m?nd??na?] n. 棉兰老岛，位于菲律宾群岛南部

oral polio vaccines, such as those used?in the philippines, contain a?weakened?form of the virus, which?lingers?in children’s?intestines?for a short while after they?ingest?it. during that time the virus is?excreted?in?faeces. in places where sewage is?not properly?managed, it can soon infect?people without immunity. as it spreads?from one such person to another the virus?from the vaccine?mutates, gradually gaining strength. this may take many mo
[心]和萝莉一起学英语菲律宾旅行与鲸…来自只要快乐就好11…插图

nths?or even years. eventually it?evolves? a?form that is capable of causing harm.

口服小儿麻痹症疫苗，正如菲律宾所使用的疫苗，含有一种弱化的病毒，在儿童摄入后会在肠道中停留一段时间。在此期间，病毒会通过粪便排出。在污水治理不当的地方，病毒很快就会感染缺乏免疫力的人。当病毒在这些人之间传播时，疫苗中的病毒会发生变异，逐渐增强。这可能需要几个月甚至几年的时间。最终，病毒演变成会造成伤害的形式。

【注解】

weakened [?wi?k?nd] adj. 弱化的

linger [?l??ɡ?(r)] vi. 继续存留；徘徊

intestine [?n?test?n] n. 肠

ingest [?n?d?est] vt. 摄入；食入

excrete [?k?skri?t] vt. 排泄

faeces [?fi?si?z] n. 粪便

manage [?m?n?d?] vt. 管理；设法做到

注意，manage此处与污水（sewage）搭配，可翻译成“治理”。

immunity [??mju?n?ti] n. 免疫力

mutate [mju??te?t] vi. 变异

evolve [i?v?lv] vi. 发展

that this has been happening in the?philippines?suggests?that the country’s?inoculation?regime?has become dangerously?lax. to prevent polio from spreading, 95%?of a population must be vaccinated against?it. for years immunisation rates among?infants?in the philippines have?fallen?far?short of?necessary levels. official data say?70% of them received the full set of basic?vaccinations in 2023. but 9% of infants got?none at all.

菲律宾发生的这种情况表明，该国的疫苗接种已经变得非常松懈，这十分危险。为了防止小儿麻痹症的传播，95%的人口必须接种疫苗。多年来，菲律宾婴儿的疫苗接种率远远低于必要水平。官方数据显示，70%的婴儿在2023年接受了全套基本疫苗接种。但9%的婴儿没有进行任何的疫苗接种。

【注解】

suggest [s??d?est] vt. 表明，相当于show或indicate

inoculation [??n?kj??le???n] n. 疫苗接种

regime [re???i?m] n. 组织方法；管理体制

lax [l?ks] adj. 松懈的；马虎的

infant [??nf?nt] n. 婴儿

fall far short of 差得很远

the country’s challenging geography is?one?excuse. it is made up of around 7,000?islands, not all of them peaceful. authorities struggle with the?logistics?of ensuring?that vaccines are always available when?and where they are needed. busy parents?find it difficult to visit?clinics?that are often?open only during office hours. some people?put off?trips to the doctor because of the?cost. about 6m people—of 105m?filipinos?in total—spend more than 10% of their income on health care. that is a larger share?of the population than?in either nearby indonesia or thailand, according to the?world bank.

菲律宾复杂的地形是一个原因。菲律宾由大约7000个岛屿组成，但并非所有岛屿上的人们都过着安稳的生活。当局在确保疫苗随时随地有求必应的后勤保障上举步维艰。工作繁忙的父母没办法去那些通常只在办公时间开放的诊所。有些人因为费用问题推迟了去看医生的时间。总共1.05亿菲律宾人中约有600万人将其收入的10%以上用于医疗保健。根据世界银行的数据，这一比例比附近的印度尼西亚或泰国都要大。

【注解】

excuse [?k?skju?s] n. 理由；原因

logistics [l??d??st?ks] n. 后勤；组织工作

clinic?[?kl?n?k] n. 诊所

put off 推迟

filipino [?f?l??pi?n??] n. 菲律宾人

the success of past vaccine programmes may have?bred?complacency. fear?also plays a role. in 2016 the?botched?introduction of a?dengue?vaccine created a huge?controversy?and led to?criminal charges.?many children received the vaccine who,?it?later emerged, should have been excluded,?given?their?medical histories.

过去疫苗计划的成功可能滋生了自满情绪。恐惧也是另一个原因。2016年，菲律宾实施登革热疫苗接种项目出现疏漏，引发了巨大的争议，并导致了刑事指控。后来发现，鉴于一些儿童的病史，本应该排除在接种名单之外的儿童却接受了疫苗接种。

【注解】

breed [bri?d] vt. 滋生，注意该词的过去式和过去分词是不规则变化，均变形为bred。

complacency [k?m?ple?snsi] n. 自满，指的是菲律宾19年内没有小儿麻痹症的情况。

botch [b?t?] vt. 该词意为“笨拙地进行操作、将…弄糟”。这里指的是2016年菲律宾推行全民接种的dengvaxia疫苗项目，部分儿童接种后出现登革热症状甚至是死亡。

dengue [?de?ɡi] n. 登革热

controversy [?k?ntr?v??si] n. 争议

criminal charge 刑事指控

it later emerges that… 某件事情在后来开始浮现。该结构在最后一句话中作为插入成分被置于句子的内部，因此省略掉了that。将最后一句调整至便于大家理解的语序：it later emerged that many children (who should have been excluded) received the vaccine, given their medical histories.

given [?ɡ?vn] prep. 此处given是介词，表示“鉴于”，是一个高频考点

medical history 病史

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